Landscape Uses:
	Best used in natural settings.
Ecological Restoration Notes:
Availability:
	Grown by enthusiasts.
Description:
	Perennial wildflower 3-7 feet tall with a smooth stem, ovate leaves, and yellow flowers.
Height:
	Typically 3-7 feet in height.
Growth Rate:
Range:
	Eastern United States scattered south to Okaloosa, Jackson, Calhoun, Gadsden, and Liberty counties.
Habitats:
	Woods and thickets.
Soils:
	Moist, well-drained sandy or limestone soils, with humusy top layer.
Nutritional Requirements:
	Moderate; can grow in nutrient poor soils, but needs some organic content to thrive.
Salt Water Tolerance:
	Low; does not tolerate long-term flooding by salt or brackish water.
Salt Wind Tolerance:
	Low; salt wind may burn the leaves.
Drought Tolerance:
	Moderate; generally requires moist soils, but tolerant of short periods of drought once established.
Light Requirements:
	Full sun.
Flower Color:
	Yellow.
Flower Characteristics:
	Showy.
Flowering Season:
	August and September.
Fruit:
Wildlife and Ecology:
	Attracts pollinators.
Horticultural Notes:
Comments:
	We have been adding data for this species for central and northern Florida and welcome any feedback or review. If you would like to contribute information or images, please contact George Gann via the IRC staff page.