| Short-leaf fig, Wild banyan tree
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| Ficus citrifolia
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| Moraceae
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Landscape Uses:
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Specimen tree in residential and commercial landscapes. |
Ecological Restoration Notes: |
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An important large canopy tree in hammocks in Miami-Dade and Monroe counties. Rarer elsewhere. |
| Availability: |
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Available at native plant nurseries in South Florida. Available in Miami at Dade County FNPS.
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| Description: |
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Medium to large tree with an erect trunk and a spreading, rounded crown. Trunks single or, rarely, multiple to more than 2 feet in diameter. Branches drooping. Bark light gray. Leaves tropical semi-deciduous, light green, about 2-5 inches long. |
| Height: |
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Typically 30-40 feet in height; to 71 feet in South Florida. Usually taller than broad. |
| Growth Rate: |
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Moderate to fast. |
| Range: |
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Monroe County Keys north to Brevard and Collier counties; disjunct in Hillsborough County; West Indies, Mexico, Central America and South America. Rare and sporadic north of Miami-Dade and Collier counties. For a digitized image of Elbert Little's Florida range map, visit the Exploring Florida website. |
| Habitats: |
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Hammocks. |
| Soils: |
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Moist, well-drained limestone (rarely sandy) soils, with humusy top layer. |
| Nutritional Requirements: |
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Moderate; can grow in nutrient poor soils, but needs some organic content to thrive. |
| Salt Water Tolerance: |
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Low; does not tolerate long-term flooding by salt or brackish water. |
| Salt Wind Tolerance: |
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Low; salt wind may burn the leaves. |
| Drought Tolerance: |
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High; does not require any supplemental water once established. |
| Light Requirements: |
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Full sun. |
| Flower Color: |
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N/A; flowers are borne inside of figs. |
| Flower Characteristics: |
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Inconspicuous. |
| Flowering Season: |
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All year; peak spring-summer. |
| Fruit: |
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Figs turning pinkish-red to purple when ripe. |
| Wildlife and Ecology: |
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Provides food and cover for wildlife. Larval host plant for ruddy daggerwing (Marpesia petreus) butterflies, Edwards' wasp (Lymire edwardsii) and fig sphinx (Pachylia ficus) moths. It is pollinated by a host-specific wasp (Pegoscapus tonduzi). Cedar waxwings and many other birds eat the fruits. It supports a large community of insects, which provide food for insectivorous birds. |
| Horticultural Notes: |
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Easily grown from seed. Smash figs on paper, let dry and then brush the small seeds onto the soil in a container. Do not cover seeds with soil. Start in light shade or full sun. |
| Comments: |
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Sometimes produces aerial roots, but much less frequently than strangler fig (Ficus aurea). |
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Michelle M. Smith, 2018 In habitat, Ned Glenn Nature Preserve, Florida
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Alex Seasholtz, 2020 In habitat, SOCSOUTH, Miami-Dade County, Florida
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