Landscape Uses:
	Water gardens and along pond and lake edges.
Ecological Restoration Notes:
	A somewhat rare understory element of swamps and marshes.
Availability:
	Widely cultivated. Available in Key West at Key West Botanical Garden.
Description:
	Large herb with large leaves and bright yellow flowers.
Height:
	Typically 4-6 feet in height. Individual stems are taller than broad, but clusters of plants may form a mass.
Growth Rate:
	Fast.
Range:
	Southeastern United States west to Texas and south to Miami-Dade County and the Monroe County mainland. Not documented on barrier islands in southeastern Florida, but possibly historically present; it grows well at Pan’s Garden in Palm Beach.
Habitats:
	Swamps and marshes.
Soils:
	Wet to moist, moderately well-drained to poorly drained organic soils.
Nutritional Requirements:
	High; requires rich organic soils for optimal growth.
Salt Water Tolerance:
	Low; does not tolerate flooding by salt or brackish water.
Salt Wind Tolerance:
	Low; salt wind may burn the leaves.
Drought Tolerance:
	Low; requires moist to wet soils and is intolerant of long periods of drought.
Light Requirements:
	Full sun to light shade.
Flower Color:
	Yellow.
Flower Characteristics:
	Showy.
Flowering Season:
	Spring-summer.
Fruit:
	Brown capsule.
Wildlife and Ecology:
	Larval host and nectar source for Brazilian skipper (Calpodes ethlius) butterflies. Attracts bee, bat and hummingbird pollinators. Provides food for birds.
Horticultural Notes:
	Can be grown from seed or division.
Comments:
	See also the Florida Wildflower Foundation's Flower Friday page.